Pterosaurs - The Flying Reptiles - Evolution

Pterosaurs - The Flying Reptiles - Evolution Pterosaurs (winged reptiles) hold an exceptional spot throughout the entire existence of life on earth: they were the main animals, other than creepy crawlies, to effectively populate the skies. The development of pterosaurs generally resembled that of their earthly cousins, the dinosaurs, as the little, basal types of the late Triassic time frame step by step offered approach to greater, further developed structures in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. (See a total, start to finish rundown of pterosaurs.) Before we continue, however, its essential to address one significant confusion. Scientistss have discovered unquestionable evidence that cutting edge flying creatures are plunged not from pterosaurs, however from little, feathered, land-bound dinosaurs (actually, on the off chance that you could some way or another think about the DNA of a pigeon, a Tyrannosaurus Rex and a Pteranodon, the initial two would be more firmly identified with one another than either would be to the third). This is a case of what scholars call united advancement: nature has a method of finding similar arrangements (wings, empty bones, and so on.) to a similar issue (how to fly). The First Pterosaurs Similar to the case with dinosaurs, scientistss dont yet have enough proof to recognize the single old, non-dinosaur reptile from which all pterosaurs advanced (the absence of a missing linksay, an earthly archosaur with half-created folds of skinmay be delighting to creationists, however you need to recollect that fossilization involves possibility. Most ancient species arent spoke to in the fossil record, basically in light of the fact that they kicked the bucket in conditions that didnt take into consideration their conservation.) The primary pterosaurs for which we have fossil proof prospered during the center to late Triassic period, around 230 to 200 million years back. These flying reptiles were described by their little size and long tails, just as dark anatomical highlights (like the bone structures in their wings) that recognized them from the further developed pterosaurs that followed. These rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs, as theyre called, incorporate Eudimorphodon (probably the most punctual pterosaur known), Dorygnathus and Rhamphorhynchus, and they continued into the right on time to center Jurassic period. One issue with recognizing the rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs of the late Triassic and early Jurassic time frames is that most examples have been uncovered in current England and Germany. This isnt on the grounds that early pterosaurs jumped at the chance to summer in western Europe; rather, as clarified above, we can just discover fossils in those regions that loaned themselves to fossil development. There may well have been tremendous populaces of Asian or North American pterosaurs, which may (or may not) have been anatomically particular from the ones with which were natural. Later Pterosaurs By the late Jurassic time frame, rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs had been basically supplanted by pterodactyloid pterosaurslarger-winged, shorter-followed flying reptiles exemplified by the notable Pterodactylus and Pteranodon. (The soonest recognized individual from this gathering, Kryptodrakon, lived around 163 million years back.) With their bigger, increasingly flexibility wings of skin, these pterosaurs had the option to skim farther, quicker, and higher up in the sky, plunging down like birds to cull fish off the outside of seas, lakes and streams. During the Cretaceous time frame, pterodactyloids took after dinosaurs in one significant regard: an expanding pattern toward gigantism. In the center Cretaceous, the skies of South America were administered by colossal, bright pterosaurs like Tapejara and Tupuxuara, which had wingspans of 16 or 17 feet; still, these huge fliers looked like sparrows close to the genuine goliaths of the late Cretaceous, Quetzalcoatlus and Zhejiangopterus, the wingspans of which surpassed 30 feet (far bigger than the biggest hawks alive today). Heres where we go to another immeasurably significant however. The gigantic size of these azhdarchids (as mammoth pterosaurs are known) has driven a few scientistss to guess that they never really flew. For instance, an ongoing examination of the giraffe-sized Quetzalcoatlus shows that it had some anatomical highlights, (for example, little feet and a solid neck) perfect for following little dinosaurs ashore. Since advancement will in general recurrent similar examples, this would address the humiliating inquiry of why current winged animals have never developed to azhdarchid-like sizes. Regardless, before the finish of the Cretaceous time frame, the pterosaursboth huge and smallwent wiped out alongside their cousins, the earthbound dinosaurs and marine reptiles. Its conceivable that the command of genuine feathered winged animals spelled fate for more slow, less adaptable pterosaurs, or that in the consequence of the K/T Extinction the ancient fish that these flying reptiles benefited from were radically diminished in number. Pterosaur Behavior Beside their relative sizes, the pterosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous time frames contrasted from each other in two significant manners: taking care of propensities and ornamentation. By and large, scientistss can surmise a pterosaurs diet from the size and state of its jaws, and by taking a gander at similar to conduct in present day flying creatures, (for example, pelicans and seagulls). Pterosaurs with sharp, restricted bills in all likelihood remained alive on fish, while irregular genera like Pterodaustro benefited from microscopic fish (this pterosaurs thousand or so minuscule teeth shaped a channel, similar to that of a blue whale) and the fanged Jeholopterus may have sucked dinosaur blood like a vampire bat (however most scientistss excuse this idea). Like current winged creatures, a few pterosaurs additionally had rich ornamentationnot brilliantly shaded quills, which pterosaurs never figured out how to advance, however conspicuous head peaks. For instance, Tupuxuaras adjusted peak was wealthy in veins, a piece of information that it might have changed shading in mating shows, while Ornithocheirus had coordinating peaks on its upper and lower jaws (however its hazy if these were utilized for show or taking care of purposes). Generally dubious, however, are the long, hard peaks on the noggins of pterosaurs like Pteranodon and Nyctosaurus. A few scientistss accept that Pteranodons peak filled in as a rudder to help balance out it in flight, while others theorize that Nyctosaurus may have brandished a brilliant sail of skin. Its an engaging thought, however some streamlined features specialists question that these adjustments could have been genuinely useful. Pterosaur Physiology The key attribute that recognized pterosaurs from land-bound feathered dinosaurs that developed into flying creatures was the idea of their wings which comprised of wide folds of skin associated with an all-encompassing finger on each hand. Despite the fact that these level, expansive structures gave a lot of lift, they may have been more qualified to aloof coasting than controlled, fluttering flight, as confirm by the strength of genuine ancient feathered creatures before the finish of the Cretaceous time frame (which might be credited to their expanded mobility). Despite the fact that theyre just remotely related, antiquated pterosaurs and present day flying creatures may share shared one significant element for all intents and purpose: a warm-blooded digestion. Theres proof that a few pterosaurs (like Sordes) donned layers of crude hair, a component for the most part connected with warm-blooded vertebrates, and its muddled if a merciless reptile could have produced enough inward vitality to support itself in flight. Like present day feathered creatures, pterosaurs were additionally recognized by their sharp vision (a need for chasing from several feet noticeable all around!), which involved a greater than-normal cerebrum than that controlled by earthbound or amphibian reptiles. Utilizing propelled strategies, researchers have even had the option to recreate the size and state of the minds of some pterosaur genera, demonstrating that they contained further developed coordination habitats than equivalent reptiles. Pterosaurs (winged reptiles) hold an exceptional spot throughout the entire existence of life on earth: they were the principal animals, other than creepy crawlies, to effectively populate the skies. The development of pterosaurs generally resembled that of their earthly cousins, the dinosaurs, as the little, basal types of the late Triassic time frame continuously offered approach to greater, further developed structures in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. Before we continue, however, its imperative to address one significant misguided judgment. Scientistss have discovered undeniable verification that cutting edge winged creatures are dropped not from pterosaurs, however from little, feathered, land-bound dinosaurs (truth be told, in the event that you could by one way or another analyze the DNA of a pigeon, a Tyrannosaurus Rex and a Pteranodon, the initial two would be more firmly identified with one another than either would be to the third). This is a case of what scholars call united advancement: nature has a method of finding similar arrangements (wings, empty bones, and so on.) to a similar issue (how to fly). The First Pterosaurs Just like the case with dinosaurs, scientistss dont yet have enough proof to recognize the single old, non-dinosaur reptile from which all pterosaurs advanced (the absence of a missing linksay, an earthbound archosaur with half-created folds of skinmay be cheering to creationists, yet you need to recall that fossilization involves possibility. Most ancient species arent spoke to in the fossil record, just in light of the fact that they kicked the bucket in conditions that didnt take into consideration their conservation.) The principal pterosaurs for which we have fossil proof thrived during the center to late Triassic period, around 230 to 200 million years back. These flying reptiles were portrayed by their little size and long tails, just as dark anatomical highlights (like the bone structures in their wings) that recognized them from the further developed pterosaurs that followed. These rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs, as theyre called, incorporate Eudimorphodon (probably the soonest pterosaur known), Dorygnathus and Rhamphorhynchus, and they continued into the ahead of schedule to center Jurassi

IKEA Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

IKEA - Case Study Example Presently, representatives need inspiration since it gives them more motivation to work, other than the way that they have to procure their fixed pay rates. They have to have more motivations to get up ordinary, go to work and attempt their best in their assignments. It is critical to comprehend representative conduct in light of the fact that without this, organizations would lose benefit and addition a shortfall in their yield. IKEA, a Swedish home goods retailer, is known as the world's biggest originator and retailer of all around structured, reasonable, and practical furniture for the home. (IKEA: A Natural Step Case Study 1998) A Dutch-enrolled association runs IKEA and it has placed in 15% improvement every year in this previous ten years. INGKA Holding BV (the umbrella organization of IKEA) is completely claimed by the Stitching INGKA Foundation, a non-benefit establishment enlisted in the Netherlands. A great many clients visit their 378 stores in around 36 nations, with 30 increasingly set to open this year. A large portion of these stores are situated in Asia, Europe, Canada, Australia and the United States. Around 11, 000 items in IKEA's line are appeared in the 80 million lists that they disseminate. Concerning the assembling itself, IKEA does this in their own creation offices with the assistance of their 2400 providers in 65 nations. IKEA likewise brags of having a hold of representatives totaling to 36, 400. In 1943, IKEA was established by Ingvar Kamprad, at that point a multi year-old kid in Sweden. IKEA is an abbreviation containing the initials of the organizer's name (Ingvar Kamprad), the homestead where he grew up (Elmtaryd), and his home area (Agunnaryd, in Smland, South Sweden). (Wikipedia 2008) Kamprad in a matter of seconds changed his endeavor into a mail request administration which sells furniture. In 1953, he opened the first IKEA showroom. His essential system was to take into account the formation of weighty furniture which would give clients the simplicity to develop the items themselves and buy them at a reasonable cost as well. Presently, the IKEA representatives are available to the clients for requests and such yet the clients are allowed to choose, request, take and develop what furniture they pick. The cash spared by IKEA in consumptions was utilized to give clients limits. Not long after, the stores kicked greater and in the end off to convey eating places like cafés and recreational offices for youngsters like play territories. Kamprad unmistakably said in December 1976 that What is useful for our clients is likewise bravo over the long haul. (IKEA: A Natural Step Case Study 1998) What IKEA does Since 1990, IKEA has indicated intrigue and activity in advancing a natural push. With their Natural Step Framework, they mean to make an appropriate ecological arrangement. The said arrangement as a result realizes changes in IKEA's items and administrations so as to adjust to their structures standards and requests. In 1992, the ecological strategy was changed into an Environmental Action Plan depicting concrete and functional measures for the mid-1990s. (IKEA: A Natural

HBB Initiative World Day for Prevention of Child Abuse [November 19th, 2011]

HBB Initiative World Day for Prevention of Child Abuse [November 19th, 2011] Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!HBB Initiative: World Day for Prevention of Child Abuse [November 19th, 2011]Updated On 23/04/2017Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : Editorial FeaturedShort URL : http://hbb.me/2ozk6pL CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogOn November 2011, we started something called HBB Initiative and we successfully implemented little plans on World Day for Prevention of Child Abuse [Nov 19th, 2010] and International Day of Persons with Disabilities [Dec 3rd, 2010]. I would like to thank you for showing your support during those stages.The main intention of this Initiative is to create social awareness and make bloggers to publish social related posts to help normal people, apart from providing constant tech related news.A single post wont change anything, but 100 or 1000, say 10K readers can make a difference. Established in 2000 by the Women’s World Summit Foundation, November 19 (today) is an international day to acknowledge the importance of preventing child abuse.What is Online Child Abuse?Online child abuse includes:Searching for, sharing and downloading images of children being physically and sexually abused.“Grooming” children in chat rooms with the intention of committing sexual abuse both online and off.I would like to stress the first point more, because if you do that, you are in fact encouraging online child abuse. Please dont do that![VIEW LARGER VERSION]Some Depressing Facts About Online Child AbuseCongressional Study says, with an estimated 24 million children now online, one out of five have been solicited for sex in the last year.A top Disney executive was recently arrested and charged with using the Internet to solicit sex with a minor.75% of children are willing to share personal information online about themselves and their family in exchange for goods and services.One in five U.S. teenagers who regularly log on to the Internet say they have received an unwanted sexual solicitation via the Web. Solicitations were defined as requests to engage in sexual activities or sexual talk, or to give personal sexual information.77% of the targets for online predators were age 14 or older. Another 22% were users ages 10 to 13.75 percent of the solicited youth were not troubled, 10 percent did not use chat rooms and 9 percent did not talk to strangers.Only 17 percent of youth and 11 percent of parents could name a specific authority, such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), CyberTipline, or an Internet service provider, to which they could report an Internet crime.Last, but not least, only 1/3 of the households with Internet access are proactively protecting their children!HBB Initiative Simple Things We Are Going To Do ( Why)I checked HBBs demographics recently, and delighted to see middle class working parents checking out our blog. So in one way or another these approaches will delight them.Help Parents = Help Children , so I decided to pick some 20-30 not-so-geek parents on my Facebook and Twitter friends list, of course, I wont be bothering them much.Im going to make them aware about the hazards of Social Networking sites and other Internet portals, the measures they should take to protect their children online. Advice they should give to their children (parents are the best teachers). I believe at least for the sake of their children, theyll take the next step.Provide Internet Security software . We may give it as free, as giveaway or with good discounts. Hopefully with the help of our partner Bifdefender we will implement within this month. Having a good Antivirus and Internet Security software solves almost 40% of the problems.Dark side of Internet and how to avoid it. This will be the theme of our upcoming articles we decided to publish for the next few months. It will be something like, HOW TO: Report Child Sexual Abuse Online [Save A Kid]. I was getting lot of traffic from this post, that might be a good thing in one way, but in reality lot of parents and affected kids would have been searching for solution, thats the truth and a single post can help them to take a decision.Search Reply. This will be a simple one. There are lots of unanswered queries on the web regarding Child Abuse. For instance, you can take Yahoo! Answers. If you have a Yahoo! account you can easily log in and reply to those queries. Believe me, your comment is not only valuable to the questioner but for millions of Yahoo! Answers users. Similar you can pick any QA portals.Ad dedication. I have decided to make use of HBBs leaderboard (728 x 90) or Banner (468 x 60) ad slot in a social way. For a couple of days, Ill allocate this ad slot for some social causes. If you own any Non-profit organisation or charity related to this theme, and especially if you save money to help others, you can contact me regarding this advertisement.[VIEW LARGER VERSION]Ill be happy to do something in person, but my co llege exams are blocking it. Each and every single step you take makes a difference. On an average, this post 10+ Tips To Identify Fake Profiles On Facebook of mine generates 3-5 queries per day. I have been getting many emails with messages like, my child is being abused by a stranger. he uses her pic and edits it in an ugly way. I was really depressed that I cant help them 100%. But when we are part of their solution, that makes us to think more, write more.You can also start with writing security related posts, for social media, for email, for computers and so on.Posted in Public Interest for November 19th, World Day For Prevention Of Child AbuseREAD15+ Blogging Tactics I Learned From 'Porn'

The Theory Of Crime The Classical View - 960 Words

There are two main views that explain who or what may be responsible for crime: The classical view, which views crime as a result of a person’s decision to commit a crime. This is due to the belief that every human has free will and are therefore responsible for their actions. The second view is the positivist view, this view believes that a person’s decisions are not made due to free will, but shaped by society and the environment that they live in. From these two main views branched many different views to explain who or what may be responsible for crime; known as criminal behavioral theories. Influenced by the classical theory is the rational choice theory, all the other theories; biosocial, psychological, social learning, and social structure is influenced by the positivist view. The rational choice theory believes that when the reward â€Å"rationally â€Å"outweighs the punishment than a crime will be committed. There are two different views on this theory. Firstly, the lifestyle theory, which believes that the youth chooses to live against the rules of society. Secondly, the routine activity theory that suggests that crime is committed when an offender has an easy target, with no one or no security to guard it, and there is a motivated offender. The weaknesses of this theory are that not every offender is â€Å"rational† when they decide to commit a crime. They may be under the influence of drugs or alcohol, which would affect their rational thinking. Therefore, they may commit aShow MoreRelatedBiological and Classical School1265 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Classical School of criminology emerged during the eighteenth century after the European Enlightenment period. It was during this time that law enforcement and laws were disparate and unjust and punishment was brutal. Members of the Classical School would demand justice that based on equality and human punishment that was appropriate for the offense. 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However, while free will and rational choice sought to explain criminality, other theorists began to consider that some individuals are biologically predisposed to criminal behavior. The development of the Classical School of thought in Criminology was a direct result of the EnlightenmentRead MoreClassical Theory of Criminology Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesCriminology is the study of why individuals engage or commit crimes and the reasons as to why they behave in certain ways in different situations (Hagan, 2010). Through understanding the reasons or why an individual commits a crime, one can come up with ways to prevent and control crime or rehabilitate criminals. There exist a large number of criminology theories, some link crime to an individual or person; they believe a person weighs the cons and pros and makes a conscious decision on whether toRead MoreClassicalism vs. Positivism1546 Words   |  7 PagesClassicalism vs. Positivism What is crime? What makes people commit crimes and how can we stop it? These, and many other questions similar to these, are asked by criminologists everyday. Criminology is an ever growing field, mainly because there is more and more research occurring and new theories linking people and crime coming out everyday. Below the main field of criminology there are many subfields that have different theories and philosophies on what they believe link criminal behaviorRead MoreBiological Determinism And Crime Of Criminology1595 Words   |  7 PagesCriminality Throughout the history of criminology, each theory dominates and gains support than others though different period of time. This essay will first discuss the argument for biological determinism which mainly focuses on phrenology. The idea of Darwinism also links to Lombroso’s idea that a person’s bad behavior can be predicted and should be eliminated will also be discussed. The second part of the essay will emphasis the classical theory and how in contrasts with the positivism approach centralizingRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1700 Words   |  7 PagesCriminal Justice System to effectively deter crime, it is imperative to understand what causes crime, understand why crime exists and why offenders engage in criminal behaviour. In the 18th century criminologists such as Jeremy Bentham, Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria and Cesare Lombroso all established criminological theories, in an attempt to achieve this goal. The most influential theories are known as the Classical an d Positivist perspectives. Both of these theories have had a long-term influence on the currentRead MoreClassical, Biological And Psychological Theories901 Words   |  4 Pages Early classical, biological and psychological theories have helped shape the burgeoning world of criminology. Many of the ideas they held were unique, however, some key principles are still in use by there modern counterparts. Classical psychological theories, focused on two main concepts; personality and behaviorism. Personality theories helped improve cognitive sciences and behaviorism called attention to social learning with a focus on behavioral conditioning. For example, Ivan Pavlov, a prominentRead MoreThe Theory Of Criminal Behavior1608 Words   |  7 Pagesare still unsure what the definition of crime is. In general, crimes are acts that are punishable by the law. Sociologically, crime is a complicated word to define as almost every individual has their own meaning for it. This paper will analyze the case of Michael Briere and look at the causes of his criminal behaviour through the three different criminological schools of thought: classical, positivist, and sociological. There are a number of concepts of crime including human nature, the society,Read MoreUnderstanding Criminals Essay978 Words   |  4 PagesIt is hard for anyone to grasp the concept or be able to understand why people commit heinous crimes or engage in criminal activities. We as human beings are all capable of committing or engaging in delinquent behavior. What stands in the way of a person that makes them decided to engage in deviant behavior or to choose not to commit crimes at all? We may never truly know or understand the real reasons behind why certain people make decisions like these everyday. Early philosophers and scientists

Understanding of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Free Essay Example, 2500 words

In a new development to understand the neurobiology of OCD, scientists at University of Cambridge's Department of Psychiatry used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate brain activity in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). It is located in the frontal lobes and helps in decision making and behavior. The scientists have observed that people with OCD and their close family members show under-activation of brain areas responsible for preventing repetitive behavior. The normal controls and OCD patients participated in the study. They were asked to look at superimposed pictures of a house and a face. The participants were asked to employ trial and error to find out whether the house or face was the correct target. They pressed a button to indicate which image they believed to be the target and response as 'correct' or 'incorrect' flashed on the screen. After the correct target had been identified six times continuously, it changed so the participant had to learn again. The fMRI was used to monitor their patterns of brain activity throughout. Later comparison of fMRI images of their brain activity throughout showed under-activation in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex and other brain areas in both the OCD patients and their family members. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The behavior theory of OCD explains that normal intrusive thoughts, impulses, and images become associated with anxiety that has failed to subside (Swinson, 2001). The behavioral theories hypothesize that a neutral event evokes fear when associated with the offending stimulus.

How Are the Two Female Protagonists Offred from “the...

â€Å"How are the two female protagonists Offred from â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† by Magaret Atwood and Celie from â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker oppressed by men, in what ways are their situations similar and how do they deal with the pressure and abuse?† Abstract The purpose of this essay is to look at how the two protagonist women, Offred from â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† and Celie from â€Å"The Color Purple† are treated in literature. This essay aims to answer the question: â€Å"How are the two protagonist women Offred from â€Å"The handmaid’s tale† and Celie from â€Å"The Color Purple† oppressed by the circumstances, the society they live in and the men in their lives and in what ways are their situations are similar?†, focusing on the similarities between their†¦show more content†¦She is subservient and dependent to men, Celie must obey her husband and take care of his children and do the housework. There are numerous scenes of violence throughout the first half of the novel, Celie is sexually abused by her father and Mr. ____. In one of her letters to God, Celie writes about her children. She writes that they were conceived through incest by her stepfather and killed thereafter. Nettie who is Celie’s sister comforts Celie and takes care of her by not judging her and offering her understanding. Because Celie is not allowed to go to school but has to work at home, Nettie teaches her what she is learning at school. In return, Celie agrees to take care of her. Throughout the novel, Alice Walker takes the young girl on a journey of self-discovery, â€Å" I feels like shit but I felt like shit before in my life (†¦) The first two months was hell though, I tell the world (†¦) And I try to teach my heart not to want nothing it cant have.† Celie also talks about her stepfather and how even though she had children from him, she does not hate him, â€Å"I don’t hate him (†¦) Look like he trying to make something out of himself. (†¦) When you talk to him now he really listen.† Celie realizes that people can change and she believes even her stepfather has changed and has become a better person, regardless of what he has done to her. Celie escapes from her oppressive husband when she

Kathy free essay sample

Whenshe smiled at me I felt my muscles begin to relax, and I let out a sigh as Ismiled back. Kathy was one of the first waitresses I met when I started workingat Luigis, a small Italian restaurant. What was supposed to be a summer jobturned into two of the most valuable years of my life. Walking intoLuigis that first night, I was thrust into the real world. I didnt know anyone,and my co-workers gave me no special treatment when they saw I was a shy15-year-old. My managers did not help me, they just told me what to do and I didit. Allison, these customers are impatient. You need to clear thattable faster, set it up, and dont forget the menus this time. Those ordersare still clear in my mind from that first night as a busgirl. I stumbled aroundthe restaurant and dropped some dishes within my first few hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Kathy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I wasfrustrated and tense until I saw Kathy. Kathys warm expressioninstantly put me at ease. She smiled and shook my hand without hesitation.So youre Allison. Thats a pretty name. If you need anything, just askme, she offered. Eventually the night slowed. The last customersfinished their meals, and I started cleaning. My legs hurt and my head was stillspinning when Kathy quietly approached. You were fantastic,Allison. I know it is so hard at first, but youll get used to it. Youllsee, she reassured me. I smiled and nodded. Suddenly, she hugged me. I hadjust met my new best friend, and as odd as it seems, she is a 55-year-oldwoman. Kathy is more than just a friend, though. She is my second mom.Kathy embodies everything that I want to be. She is kind and gentle, and, at thesame time, strong and wise. Kathy works two waitressing jobs. She servesothers all day long, but at the end of every night, she never fails to offer ahelping hand to those who are cleaning. Kathy is the best listener I know, andshe doesnt leave until she has helped solve your problem. During thepast two years I have worked with Kathy, I have grown into a young woman. Thattime has been filled with heartbreaks and many fights with friends. The instant Ifeel tears coming, I drive down to Luigis to see Kathy. She sits me down at abooth and we talk. I just dont understand why he doesnt like me;why cant he just give me a chance? I spill all my feelings onto the table.Kathy takes my hand, reassures me that there will be other boys, and holds meuntil I stop crying. Kathy shares in my happiness as well. She loveshearing about school, and over spaghetti and meatballs we chat about where I willgo to college, how much money she made in tips that night, and how my friends aredoing. The 38-year difference in our age does not come between the giggles andsympathetic hugs. I dont know if I would have gotten through that first summerwithout Kathy, nor do I know if I would be the young woman I am today withouther. Kathy will always be my friend, my mentor, and my second mom.

Lassa Virus Essays - Zoonoses, Tropical Diseases, Biological Weapons

Lassa Virus The Lassa virus is a vulgar virus with a high mortality rate and an expensive cure. Lassa was strange to me because I have never heard of the virus before. As I was reading in my research, I began to realize the risk the virus has on people. Lassa was first discovered, in humans, in a village in northern Nigeria (Andrechek). Lassa outbreaks have been reported in Guinea, Senegal, Mali, Sierra Leone and Zaire, which are all countries in West Africa (Andrechek). There have been reports of the Lassa virus out side of West Africa but those were in health care workers who had previously worked in that area. There is an estimate of 200,000 to 400,000 cases of Lassa Fever annually, thousands fatal (Andrechek). The mortality among hospital cases is 15%, but if untreated is 60%. The way the Virus is treated is with Ribavirin for ten days. If the infected person gets treatment within six days his mortality rate drops to 5% to 9% in medium to high risk group. If the virus is not treated within six days, but is treated after six days, the mortality rate skyrockets to 26% to 47% (Andrechek). Mortality is 2 to 3 times higher it is found in pregnant or post portum women. The Ribavirin can be stored in room temperature places, but is very expensive and is hard to get to people in need within six days. There is an alternate way of treating the virus with the Mozambique Virus (MV) that eats the Lassa virus, but the risk of mortality is increased dramatically. This "MV" is administered only if the disease it is a life or death situation between the one to six day period. There isn't a real cure for the virus. You can only hope it dies away with the treatment, but they are still working on that. The way Lassa Fever was originally transmitted was through rats' urine and saliva (Andrechek). The spread of Lassa is still spread by rats. It is also an aerosol, which mean that it is a disease that is transmitted through the air, but this is very rare. The most efficient way to get Lassa is through a rodent bite. People can also transmit Lassa. It can be transmitted by sex and by an aerosol method. Lassa is a level IV on the Biosafety scale (Andrechek). Which is the second highest Biosafety level. That means it is a highly contagious and deadly disease. Areas where the Lassa is transmitted are very poor and have little, to no sanitation. The effects on the body are numerous and shocking. In the gastrointestinal system the effects include abdominal pain that leads to vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, or constipation and painful swallowing (Ling). In the respiratory system includes sore throat, pharyngitis, chest pain, and coughing (Ling). The way Lassa effects the cardiovascular system is scary, and includes: pericarditis, facial and neck edema (capillary leakage), bleeding of the gums, nose, GI and vagina, and increased blood pressure and heart rate (Ling). Other ways Lassa Fever effects your body is through dehydration, shock, meningitis, deafness, mental confusion, and seizures, which occur hours before death. The effects on children are strange also. They include bleeding, abdominal distention, foaming at the mouth and global edema, which is when the skin feels and looks like a balloon. That is also referred to as "swollen baby syndrome" (Andrechek). These effects have a great deal to do with the Biosafety rating given to this disease. The Lassa virus is not a well-known virus, but has a huge mortality rate. This was not a good statistic I found. There are too many diseases in the world but if we try we can at least try to stop that spread of these diseases. If we contain the diseased area and isolate it, we will have attained a step closer to the ultimate goal. The goal is to have a world with out disease.

Requirements to Become a Supreme Court Justice

Requirements to Become a Supreme Court Justice There are no explicit requirements in the U.S. Constitution for a person to be nominated to become a Supreme Court justice. No age, education, job experience, or citizenship rules exist. In fact, according to the Constitution, a Supreme Court justice does not need to even have a law degree. What Does the Constitution Say? The Supreme Court was established as a body in Article Three of the Constitution, signed in convention in 1787. Section I describes the roles of the Supreme and Lower Courts; the other two sections are for the kind of cases that should be examined by the Supreme Court (Section 2, since amended by the 11th Amendment); and a definition of treason.   The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Article 3, U.S. Constitution However, since the Senate confirms justices, experience and background have become important factors in the confirmations, and conventions have been developed and largely followed since the first selection of the court during the first presidents term of office. George Washingtons Requirements The first U.S. President George Washington (1789–1797) had, of course, the most number of nominees to the Supreme Court- 14, although only 11 made it to the court. Washington also named 28 lower court positions, and had several personal criteria that he used to pick a justice: Support and advocacy of the U.S. ConstitutionDistinguished service in the American RevolutionActive participation in the political life of a particular state or the nation as a wholePrior judicial experience on lower tribunalsEither a favorable reputation with his fellows or personally known to Washington himselfGeographic suitability- the original Supreme Court were circuit ridersLove of the country Scholars say his first criterion was the most important to Washington, that the individual had to have a strong voice in protecting the Constitution. The most any other president has been able to nominate is nine, during the four terms of office of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1932–1945), followed by six nominated by William Howard Taft in his single term from 1909 to 1913. Qualities That Make a Good Judge Several political scientists and others have attempted to assemble a list of criteria that make a good federal judge, more as an exercise of looking at the past history of the court. American scholar Sheldon Goldmans list of eight criteria includes: Neutrality as to parties in litigation  Fair-mindedness  Being well-versed in the lawThe ability to think and write logically and lucidly  Personal integrityGood physical and mental health  Judicial temperament  Able to handle judicial power sensibly Selection Criteria Based on the 200 year history of selection criteria actually used by United States presidents, there are four which most presidents use in varying combinations: Objective meritPersonal friendshipBalancing representation or representativeness on the court (by region, race, gender, religion)Political and ideological compatibility   Sources Abraham, Henry Julian. Justices, Presidents, and Senators: A History of the U.S. Supreme Court Appointments from Washington to Clinton. Lanham, Maryland: Roman Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 1999. Print.Goldman, Sheldon. Judicial Selection and the Qualities That Make a Good Judge. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 462.1 (1982): 112-24. Print.Hulbary, William E., and Thomas G. Walker. The Supreme Court Selection Process: Presidential Motivations and Judicial Performance. The Western Political Quarterly 33.2 (1980): 185-96. Print.

Conseco Company Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Conseco Company Analysis - Research Paper Example The subsidiaries of the company provide life insurances, annuity and other products related to health insurance. The independent agents and the direct advertisements to the customers are used to distribute the products of the organization. The company acquired the Lincoln Income Life Insurance Company in 1986. The company purchased the GreenTree Financial in 1998 which was the largest financier for mobile homes. The objective of the company was to diversify into the financial services (Company Briefs, 2003). In the later part of the same year, the company purchased Colonial Penn, a life insurance company. The company got included in the Chapter 11 reorganization in 2001. GreenTree financial services were divested in the reorganization process and the company under consideration is now solely focusing on the insurance industry (Conseco, 2012). Industry Structure The production of economic goods as well as services within an economy is known as the industry. An industry can be classifi ed into three sectors namely primary, secondary and tertiary. One can also classify industries on the basis of size, raw materials and the ownership of the business. Primary industries involve direct extraction of the resources from the Earth while the secondary industries involves in the processing products delivered by the primary industries. The last type of industry is mainly involved in the provision of services. The firms dealing with the management, investment decisions as well as lending of money processes operates in the financial industry. The financial institutions can actually make money as their business. They are not engaged in selling physical products but offer financial services and fiscal expertise. The markets where no participants have the potential to have the market power selling a homogeneous product are regarded as competitive market. The number of the firms as well as size distribution of the firms within an industry is referred by the term â€Å"industry s tructure†. There may be ‘n’ number of firms. If there are large firms present in an industry there is lack of coordination among them. Therefore, the degree of competition rises with the presence of large number of firms within the industry. The size distribution of the firms is important from the business as well as the public point of view. If the size of the participating firms is small compared with the size of the industry, then the industry is said to be fragmented and otherwise consolidated (Jain, 2002). A form of market where the industry is dominated by small number of sellers is called oligopoly. Each oligopolist is aware of the market conditions as few sellers are present in the market. The decision of one firm can influence or are influenced by other firms. The responses of the participants of the market are taken into account in the strategic planning process by the oligopolists (Mang, 2011, p. 1). Competition in oligopolistic market can give rise to different outcomes. An oligopoly can maximize its profits by producing at the level where marginal revenue equals marginal costs (Krcilkova, n.d, p. 10). Monopolistic competition along with oligopoly constitutes the structure of imperfect competition. Firms that are imperfectly competitive offer many products. All wealth that fulfills the wants of consumers constitutes the wealth of a nation. Therefore, the aim behind expanding wealth is broadening the choices of the consumers is terms of quality, quantity

NASA General Aviation Propulsion (GAP) Diesel Engine Research Paper

NASA General Aviation Propulsion (GAP) Diesel Engine - Research Paper Example NASA’s General Aviation Propulsion (GAP), started in the 2000, is one of the programs that have pioneered to revolutionize the aviation industry and transform the development of engines of future. The aim of the program is to develop an innovative engine which ushers in affordability, comfort and reduced cost for the aviation industry. The new engine is to reduce noise and vibrations and load on pilot for monitoring the plane, thereby adding greater comforts to the passengers. The aim of the paper is to discuss on GAP programme implications in the aviation industry and describe the working and usage of two engines developed as a part of the project. The paper also analyzes the challenges faced during the development and aviation industry in general. The advantages of new engines in terms of cost and efficiency have been dealt in detail in the paper. The new programme has been developed by NASA in collaboration with Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiment (AGATE). The GAP engine runs on 200 HP, liquid cooled, two stroked engine that runs on jet fuel. The engine is expected to cost half the price of conventional engines of 200 HP. This would make the new engines a major success in terms of fuel efficiency by reduction in the dependency for leaded gasoline thereby improving maintenance, passenger comfort and ease of use. Teledyne Continental Motors, Aerosance Cirrus Design, Hartzell Propeller, Lancair and Mod Works together partnered with NASA to develop diesel engine, an advanced piston engine. Although being heavy diesel engines are the reliable engines which combine technologically advanced construction coupled with two stroke engine. The GAP diesel engines offers noise and vibration free facility to the passengers with low speed propellers, feasible technology to use. With less than one-fourth of fuel consumption as compared to the current engines, the new GAP engines offer reliability, comfort, and greater control over the design and process

Market Orientation Assessment Essay Example for Free

Market Orientation Assessment Essay 1.Customer Orientation Information about customer needs and requirements is collected regularly. DON’T KNOW (0) There is no statement in the article indicates that Psion has collected information about customer needs and requirements regularly. Our corporate objective and policies are aimed directly at creating satisfied customers. DON’T KNOW (0) Since there is no clear statement in the article whether Psion has collected information about customer needs and requirements regularly, the corporate objective and policies are also not clear if it aimed directly at creating satisfied customer. Levels of customer satisfaction are regularly assessed and action is taken to improve matters where necessary. DON’T KNOW (0) There is no statement in the article indicates that Psion regularly assess level of customer satisfaction and take action to improve matters where necessary. We put major effort into building stronger relationships with key customers and customer group. DON’T KNOW (0) The article did not indicate that Psion put major effort into building stronger relationship with their key customers and customer group. We recognize the existence of distinct groups or segments in our markets with different needs and we adapt our offering accordingly. AGREE (4) Psion saw that high-end organizer market was being invaded by new generation of smart-phones, those are phones with organizer capabilities built-in. Psion saw this as a market for integrated devices. Psion knew that their product as standalone organizer had a finite lifespan, thus Psion will create a connected device by did a strategic deal with Motorola to penetrate the market for integrated devices. It shows that Psion recognize the existence of distinct segment in the market with different needs and they create the connected devices to enter it. Total score for customer orientation: 4 Psion has questioned its future as a maker of handheld electronic organizers due to handheld market has changed too much by a new smart phone products which have functionality as organizer and a phone and also by cheaper organizers. However it seems there is no indication that Psion take any action to collect information from customer about current needs and requirements and put some effort to build stronger relationship with their major customers. Psion did read the signal of changes in the market through recent advertisement, instead. 2.Competitor Orientation Information about competitor activities is collected regularly. AGREE (4) Psion knows information about current activities of their competitors such as new products and excess capacity of the rivals. We conduct regular benchmarking against major competitor offerings. AGREE (4) Psion did evaluation about major competitor offering. There is rapid response to major’s competitor actions. AGREE (4) Psion apply strategic thrust to response the major’s competitor actions even it have fell through, and spent the last five months going through every option to see what other ways there were to preserve the strategic thrust. When Palm and Handspring done wrote off about $ 300m and make prices dived, Psion decide to pull out and will stop making handheld organizer but still continue to sell existing products. It shows Psion’s rapid response to what have done by the major competitors. We put major emphasis on differentiating ourselves from the competition on factors important to customers. DISAGREE (2) Psion do not put major emphasis on differentiating themselves from the competition on factors important to customers, described by Psion decision to stop making handheld and keep sell existing products. Total score for competitor orientation: 14 Psion knows information about current activities of their competitors, did evaluation about major competitor offering and response to major’s competitor’s action rapidly. However Psion do not put major emphasize on differentiation. 3.Long-Term Perspectives We place greater priority on long-term market share gain than short-run profit. DISAGREE (2) Psion still struggling to keep their existence and it makes them decide to put priority on making money. We put greater emphasis on improving our market performance than on improving internal efficiencies. DISAGREE (2) Psion decided to pull out and stop making handheld organizers even though they intend to keep exploiting the intellectual property it has gleaned from more than 20 years. Decisions are guided by long-term considerations rather than short-run expediency. AGREE (4) Psion decision to retain its 28 percent stake in Symbian and by the acquisition of Teklogix to move to the enterprise wireless market as a less risky market is clearly based on long-term consideration. Total score for long-term perspectives: 8 Due to currently struggling to keep their existence, Psion decided to put priority on making money compare than put priority on long-term market share and improving market performance. However decisions are guided by long-term consideration by move to les risky market. 4.Interfunctional Coordination Information about customer is widely circulated and communicated throughout the organization. DON’T KNOW (0) There is no indication about this matter in the article. The different department in the organization work effectively together to serve customer needs. DON’T KNOW (0) There is no indication about this matter in the article. Tension and rivalries between departments are not allowed to get in the way of serving customers effectively. AGREE (4) The article do not indicates clearly about tension and rivalries between department of Psion, but the article mentioned that there is provisional revenues from the combined enterprise division between Psion and Teklogix which shows that combined enterprise division expected to work closely without tension and rivalries each other to serve customers effectively and meet the expectation of revenues. Our organization is flexible to enable opportunities to be seized affectively rather than hierarchically constrained. DON’T KNOW (0) There is no indication about this matter in the article. Total score for interfunctional coordination: 4 5.Organizational Culture All employees recognize their role in helping to create satisfied end customers. DON’T KNOW (0) There is no indication about this matter in the article. Reward structures are closely related to external market performance and customer satisfaction. DON’T KNOW (0) There is no indication about this matter in the article. Senior management in all functional areas give top importance to creating satisfied customers. DON’T KNOW (0) Senior management meetings give high priority to discussing issues that affect customer satisfaction. DISAGREE (2) From the article, the most important issue is about strategic management to survive and keep the existence of the company, thus we conclude that  management meetings give high priority to discussing these issues instead of issued that affect customer satisfaction. Total score for organizational culture: 2 Total Score: 32 The highlight is on the struggle and effort made by company to stay alive, it tried to find new cooperation with other company to win over new market, decided to abandon the old market and focus on the less risk market In overall, they have lack market orientation that enables them to keep performing well in the respective market. It focused on the competitors instead on their customers, Psion saw the situation as failing without any hope, which maybe correct but maybe if they have taken another path , we may see the market of handheld product differently today

The Six Day War Essay -- Military History

The Six Day War Introduction History records the 1967 Arab-Israeli War (Six-Day War) as one of the most memorable on record. Israeli forces delivered a stunning defeat to a coalition of Arab forces that greatly outnumbered the much smaller Israeli force. Victory was made possible by the initial aerial attack launched by Israeli Air Forces. The elements of surprise, stealth, Operational Security (OPSEC), precision planning and flawless execution were essential to victory. The opening aerial offensive has been called â€Å"one of the most stunning successes in modern warfare† . This case study will review the history, preparation, execution, and lessons learned of this conflict. There is much profit for those who will study this war and consider the essential elements that made the impossible- possible. History The United Nations General Assembly voted for the establishment of an Israeli independent state on 29 November 1947. Independence was claimed on May 14th, 1948. Immediately, Arab nations were hostile towards the presence of a Jewish state. No peace was to be enjoyed. Arab legions surrounded Israeli camps and brutally attacked and slaughtered, even civilians. Uneasy relations continued and sporadic wars were to be required in order to preserve the Jewish state. In 1967, tensions were boiling; as another war was on the horizon. While the Jewish state was far out-numbered and surrounded by foes, the Jewish people were inspired to fight for their very survival. President Gamal Abdel Nasser, of Egypt, delivered unsettling, warmongering speeches that only served to further inspire the Israelis to fight with passion. â€Å"The Israelis had a courage and patriotism that made them try harder and more unselfishly† . The... ...ng design, which proved to be a detriment as they could easily be made unusable by a single bomb strike at the intersecting runways . In addition, nations invested in advanced technology, seeking better early warning radar systems. References Tucker, Spencer C., Battles that Changed History: An Encyclopedia of World Conflict, Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2011 Weller, Jae, Israeli Armor: Lessons From the Six-Day War, Military Review Vol.51, No.11, Nov 1971 Rabinovich, Abraham, First Strike, The Quarterly Journal of Military History, Vol.2, No.3, Spring 1990 In Search of Peace: Part One 1948-1967. DVD. Moriah Films, 1997 Against All Odds: Six-Day War & Raid on Entebbe. DVD. A&E Television Networks, 1996 Dogfights: No Room for Error. DVD. A&E Television Networks, 2007 Dogfights: The Complete Season One, Volume Four. DVD. A&E Television Networks, 2006

Morality and Crime Essay

Argument 1 : Morality itself causes crime Detail 1 : Low morals Detail 2 : Lack of parental guidance and supervision Detail 3 : The lack of religious education Argument 2 : Morality is the basis of all human actions Detail 1 : Good foundations of morality Detail 2 : Nations with low crime rates Detail 3 : Morality influences human emotions and instincts. Argument 3 : Morality creates awareness to the effects of crime Detail 1 : Awareness prevents crime Detail 2 : Awareness promotes security Detail 3 : Awareness becomes a way of life. Concession : Some crimes are not morally motivated Detail 1 : Crimes that are caused by mental illnesses Detail 2 : Crimes of passion (spur of the moment) Detail 3 : Crimes by impulses or reaction (uncontrollable action) Refutation : Low level of crimes that are not morally motivated Detail 1 : Major crimes are morally motivated Detail 2 : Sickness can be controlled but morality issues cannot be suppressed Detail 3 : Moral values can help people make better choices Conclusion : In conclusion, it can be seen that low morals causes crime to occur. So how can crime be the problem? The root of all crime is the low levels of moral values in a person and the choices they make. Therefore the only way to reduce the level of crime in the society is by revamping the morals of the society. This shows that morality is the true and actual problem to the society. Thus, if all the parties work together to increase the level of morality then crime would no longer appear as a problem and further crimes can be prevented. Crime cannot be eradicated totally but it can be lessened to a certain level.

Greek Influence on the Modern Day Theater - 2816 Words

By: Christine Boldt The Greek invented the idea, or concept, of theater in the 6th century B.C. The first known formal theater was built in Athens between 550 and 534 B.C., although the oldest theater in the world is in the palace at Knossos in the northern Crete. The Ancient Greek’s way of theater and its many accomplishments greatly influenced the modern day theater and entertainment. Staring with the evolution of theater and how it evolved from religious groups in ancient Greece. There were also many great playwrights, such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides, who opened the doors to a world of art. Even the construction of a play and the major types of plays, such as tragedy and comedy, are still used to this day. The way the†¦show more content†¦The playwright was a personal friend of Pericles and Herodotus of Halicarnassus, all famous Greek generals and play writes. After his death, he received heroic honors. Then there is Euripides, who lived from 485 to 406B.C. His plays are m ore exuberant than those of Sophocles and Aeschylus, often he has the heroes and heroines face difficult choices, which are finally solved by the sudden appearance of a god. Medea is probably his most famous play, and the Trojan Women can be interpreted as a protest against warfare. At the end of his life, he settled in Macedonia, where he wrote the Bacchae, a shockingly strange tragedy, which has been interpreted in many ways. His greatness was recognized by the comic poet Aristophanes, who gives Euripides many appearances in his plays and often parodies scenes from his tragedies. Lastly, there is Aeschylus, who lived from 525 to 456B.C.Aeschylus is one of the best-known Athenian tragic poets. In his plays, he addresses complex theological problems. For example, in the trilogy Agamemnon - Choephoroi - Eumenides, he describes how the gods punish a family for a series of murders. Aeschylus basic orientation was towards theology and religion. (Oates xxxiii) The Persians is a superb pl ay, in which the Athenian victory at Salamis is celebrated, written seven years after the event. Aeschylus was highly esteemed, fifty years after his death, the comic poet Aristophanes wrote a play, The Frogs, in which AeschylusShow MoreRelatedThe Greek s Victory Over Persia989 Words   |  4 Pagesnot only an era, but of cultural expansion that continues to impact our modern day society. The accomplishments and endeavors of the Ancient Greeks, both visible, such as arts and architecture, as well as intellectually in areas such as philosophy, science and government continue to influence the world today. Many or none of these influential elements of Ancient Greece would have come to fruition in such a†¦. way if the Greeks had not defeated the Persians. The freedom to think and expand providedRead MoreImpact Of Religion On Greek Theatre893 Words   |  4 Pages Religion had a very large impact on Greek theatre. 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